Keloka’ Urang Tua as Cultural Common Property: Kinship, Authority, and Communal Orchard Governance in West Kalimantan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66277/jimws.1.1.145Keywords:
Common Property, Communal Orchard, Keloka’ Urang Tua, Malay Kinship, Local CultureAbstract
Studies of common property have predominantly focused on institutional arrangements, privatization, and open access dilemmas, often overlooking the cultural foundations that sustain collective resource governance. This article examines the management of keloka’ urang tua, a communal durian orchard in Ulu Pengkadan, Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, to explain how the sustainability of the commons is reproduced through kinship relations, customary authority, and collective social practices. Employing a qualitative ethnographic approach, the study draws on field observations, in-depth interviews with heirs and local authorities, and documentation of orchard management practices. The findings show that keloka’ operates as a culturally embedded common property regime characterized by collective ownership, genealogically defined membership, layered access arrangements, rotational harvesting systems, and collectively negotiated distribution of harvests. The article argues that the sustainability of keloka’ is maintained not primarily through formal regulations or economic rationality but through moral legitimacy, reciprocal obligations, customary norms, and the intergenerational reproduction of social relations. Beyond functioning as a communal fruit orchard, keloka’ simultaneously serves as an ecological space, a kinship institution, and a mechanism for sustaining collective identity. This study contributes to common property scholarship by demonstrating that commons governance is fundamentally shaped by culturally mediated forms of authority, membership, and social reproduction within local communities.
[Studi-studi tentang kepemilikan bersama (common property) selama ini lebih banyak berfokus pada pengaturan kelembagaan, privatisasi, dan persoalan akses terbuka, sehingga cenderung mengabaikan fondasi budaya yang menopang tata kelola sumber daya bersama. Artikel ini mengkaji pengelolaan keloka’ urang tua, sebuah kebun durian komunal di Ulu Pengkadan, Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat, untuk menjelaskan bagaimana keberlanjutan bersama direproduksi melalui relasi kekerabatan, otoritas adat, dan praktik sosial kolektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif etnografis melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara mendalam dengan para pewaris dan otoritas lokal, serta dokumentasi praktik pengelolaan kebun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keloka’ berfungsi sebagai rezim kepemilikan bersama berbasis budaya yang ditandai oleh kepemilikan kolektif, keanggotaan genealogis, akses berlapis, sistem panen bergilir, serta distribusi hasil yang dinegosiasikan secara kolektif. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa keberlanjutan keloka’ tidak semata-mata ditopang oleh aturan formal atau rasionalitas ekonomi, melainkan oleh legitimasi moral, kewajiban timbal balik, norma adat, dan reproduksi hubungan sosial antar generasi. Selain berfungsi sebagai kebun buah komunal, keloka’ juga menjadi ruang ekologis, institusi kekerabatan, dan mekanisme pemeliharaan identitas kolektif. Studi ini berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan kajian kepemilikan bersama dengan menunjukkan bahwa tata kelola bersama pada dasarnya dibentuk oleh relasi otoritas, keanggotaan, dan reproduksi sosial yang dimediasi secara budaya dalam komunitas lokal.]
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