Premarital Tradition and the Social Legitimation of Relationships Leading to Marriage in the Kendawangan Malay Community

Published: 25-06-2026 Pages: 97-116 DOI: 10.66277/jimws.1.1.162

Abstract

Scholarship on Malay marriage traditions has largely focused on the integration of custom and Islam, the symbolic dimensions of ritual, or the transformation of customary practices under modernization. However, considerably less attention has been given to how premarital rituals function as social mechanisms that legitimize relationships between prospective spouses and their families before marriage. This article examines premarital tradition among the Malay community in Kendawangan District, Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan, with particular attention to its ritual stages, symbolic meanings, and social functions. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, the study draws on participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentary analysis. The findings show that premarital tradition in this community consists of four interrelated stages (merisik-risik, membuka mulut, ngantar tande, and ngantar barang), which collectively regulate communication between families, clarify the relational status of the prospective couple, and publicly affirm the seriousness, responsibility, and commitment of the prospective groom. At the symbolic level, pantuns and tepak sirihs (betel sets) serve as media of customary communication and respect, rings signify social bonding and public recognition of engagement, while gift offerings (hantaran) represent financial preparedness and moral responsibility for future household life. This article argues that premarital tradition within the Malay community functions not merely as cultural heritage or customary symbolism but also as a mechanism of social legitimation through which personal relationships are transformed into collectively recognized and socially sanctioned marital relations. By foregrounding this legitimating function, the study extends scholarship on Malay marriage practices beyond dominant concerns with ritual symbolism, the integration of custom and Islam, and the transformation of tradition under modernization.

[Studi mengenai tradisi perkawinan pada masyarakat Melayu selama ini lebih banyak menyoroti integrasi antara adat dan Islam, dimensi simbolik ritual, atau transformasi praktik adat di bawah pengaruh modernisasi. Namun, masih relatif sedikit perhatian diberikan pada cara ritual pranikah bekerja sebagai mekanisme sosial yang melegitimasi hubungan antara calon mempelai dan keluarga mereka sebelum perkawinan dilangsungkan. Artikel ini mengkaji tradisi pranikah pada masyarakat Melayu di Kecamatan Kendawangan, Kabupaten Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat, dengan menitikberatkan pada tahapan ritual, makna simbolik, dan fungsi sosialnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan etnografi melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara semi-terstruktur, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi pranikah pada masyarakat ini terdiri atas empat tahapan yang saling berkaitan (merisik-risik, membuka mulut, ngantar tande, dan ngantar barang) yang secara bersama-sama mengatur komunikasi antar keluarga, memperjelas status hubungan calon mempelai, serta menegaskan secara terbuka keseriusan, tanggung jawab, dan komitmen calon mempelai laki-laki. Pada tataran simbolik, pantun dan tepak sirih berfungsi sebagai media komunikasi adat dan penghormatan; cincin menjadi simbol pengikatan sosial dan pengakuan publik atas pertunangan; sedangkan hantaran merepresentasikan kesiapan nafkah dan tanggung jawab moral menuju kehidupan rumah tangga. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa tradisi pranikah dalam masyarakat Melayu tidak semata-mata berfungsi sebagai warisan budaya atau simbol adat, melainkan juga sebagai mekanisme legitimasi sosial yang mentransformasikan hubungan personal menjadi relasi perkawinan yang diakui dan disahkan secara kolektif. Dengan menekankan fungsi legitimatif tersebut, studi ini memperluas kajian tentang tradisi perkawinan Melayu yang selama ini lebih didominasi oleh perhatian pada simbolisme ritual, integrasi adat dan Islam, serta perubahan tradisi akibat modernisasi.]

Keywords

Malay Community Marriage Rituals Premarital Tradition Social Legitimation Symbolic Meanings

Copyright

Copyright Holder: Septian Al Farid

Copyright Year: 2026

License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

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How to Cite

Al Farid, S. (2026). Premarital Tradition and the Social Legitimation of Relationships Leading to Marriage in the Kendawangan Malay Community. Journal of Indonesian and Malay World Studies, 1(1), 97-116. https://doi.org/10.66277/jimws.1.1.162