The increasing development of Islamic eco-theology, environmental fatwas, and advocacy campaigns by religious institutions promoting ecological responsibility has not succeeded in mitigating the escalating ecological crisis in Indonesia. This paradox necessitates a more fundamental inquiry into the ways in which the ecological crisis is conceptualized within mainstream Islamic legal thought. Utilizing Foucault’s concept of governmentality in conjunction with the method of conceptual amelioration, this article critically examines the limitations of mainstream Islamic eco-theology and proposes an alternative conceptual framework grounded in fiqh-leftism (al-fiqh al-yasārī). The findings reveal that mainstream Islamic eco-theology predominantly frames ecological degradation as an issue of morality and individual responsibility, while inadequately addressing issues of power relations, resource control, and the unequal distribution of ecological benefits and harms. In response, the article advances fiqh-leftism as an approach rooted in al-wāqiʿ al-bī’ī (ecological reality), which is attentive to the collective experiences of affected communities and oriented toward the analysis of actors, interests, and the distribution of ecological benefits. This framework underpins the identification of ḍarar (harm), mafsadah (public detriment), and ẓulm (injustice) within the normative structure of Islamic legal reasoning. The article argues that the primary contribution of fiqh-leftism lies in shifting the normative horizon of Islamic environmental thought from stewardship to ecological justice by centering critical socio-legal evaluations on questions of power, distribution, and the protection of the oppressed.