Rethinking Legal Safeguards Against Online Child Sexual Abuse in Nigeria: Addressing Fragmentation and Enforcement Gaps

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.66277/nmr.1.1.159

Keywords:

Child Protection Laws, Cybercrime Regulations, Online Child Sexual Abuse, Sextortion, Nigeria

Abstract

The rapid evolution of digital technologies, particularly the emergence of the metaverse and social media ecosystems, has expanded access to information and communication while simultaneously exposing children to new forms of online sexual exploitation. This study examines the adequacy of Nigeria’s legal and institutional framework in addressing online child sexual abuse, focusing on constitutional safeguards and statutory protections. Adopting a doctrinal legal research approach, the study relies on qualitative analysis of primary legal sources—including international instruments, domestic legislation, and relevant scholarly literature. The findings reveal a significant increase in online child sexual abuse in Nigeria despite the existence of multiple legal instruments and enforcement agencies. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that Nigeria’s current framework is fragmented, lacks specialized legislation targeting online exploitation, and is weakened by poor enforcement, evidentiary challenges, and institutional inefficiencies. It argues that the existing legal regime is insufficiently responsive to the evolving, technologically mediated nature of child sexual abuse, thereby undermining effective protection. This research contributes to the literature by providing a context-specific, critical legal analysis of Nigeria’s child protection architecture and proposes the need for a coherent, technology-responsive, and enforcement-oriented regulatory framework to enhance child protection and ensure accountability.

[Perkembangan pesat teknologi digital, khususnya kemunculan metaverse dan ekosistem media sosial, telah memperluas akses terhadap informasi dan komunikasi sekaligus meningkatkan kerentanan anak terhadap bentuk-bentuk baru eksploitasi seksual daring. Penelitian ini mengkaji kecukupan kerangka hukum dan kelembagaan di Nigeria dalam menangani kekerasan seksual anak secara daring, dengan menitikberatkan pada perlindungan konstitusional dan jaminan normatif dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan doctrinal legal research dengan analisis kualitatif terhadap sumber hukum primer, termasuk instrumen internasional, peraturan perundang-undangan nasional, serta literatur ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan kasus kekerasan seksual anak secara daring di Nigeria, meskipun telah terdapat berbagai instrumen hukum dan lembaga penegak hukum yang berwenang. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa kerangka hukum yang ada masih bersifat terfragmentasi, belum memiliki regulasi khusus yang secara komprehensif mengatur eksploitasi seksual anak secara daring, serta menghadapi kendala dalam penegakan hukum, pembuktian, dan efektivitas kelembagaan. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa rezim hukum yang berlaku belum responsif terhadap dinamika kekerasan seksual anak yang dimediasi teknologi, sehingga belum mampu memberikan perlindungan yang efektif. Kontribusi penelitian ini terletak pada penyajian analisis hukum yang kritis dan kontekstual terhadap sistem perlindungan anak di Nigeria, serta penekanan pada urgensi pembentukan kerangka regulasi yang lebih koheren, responsif terhadap teknologi, dan berorientasi pada efektivitas penegakan hukum guna meningkatkan perlindungan anak dan menjamin akuntabilitas.]

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Published

2026-04-15